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互感器10问
1、电流互感器有什么用途？
1, what is the purpose of the current transformer?
答案：电流互感器把大电流按一定比例变为小电流， 提供各种仪表和继电保护用的电流， 并将二次系统与高电压隔离。它不仅保证了人身和设备的安全，也使仪表和继电器的制 造简单化、标准化，提高了经济效益。
Answer: Current transformer converts large current into small current in a certain proportion, provides current for various instruments and relay protection, and isolates secondary system from high voltage. It not only ensures the safety of human body and equipment, but also simplifies and standardizes the manufacture of instruments and relays, and improves economic benefits.
2、为什么不允许电流互感器长时间过负荷运行？
2, why not allow the current transformer to operate over a long time?
答案：电流互感器长时间过负荷运行，会使 误差增大，表计指示不正确。另外，由于一、二次电流增大，会使铁芯和绕组过热，绝缘老化快，甚至损坏电流互感器。
Answer: if the current transformer operates over a long time, the error will increase and the meter indicator is incorrect. In addition, with the increase of primary and secondary current, the iron core and winding will be overheated, the insulation will aging quickly, and even damage the current transformer.
3、什么原因会使运行中的电流互感器发生不正常音响？
3, what causes the abnormal sound in the running current transformer?
答案：电流互感器过负荷，二次侧开路以及内部绝缘损坏发生放电等，均会造成异常音响。此外，由于半导体漆涂刷得不均匀形成 的内部电晕以及夹铁螺丝松动等也会使电流 互感器产生较大音响。
Answer: Current transformer overload, secondary open circuit and internal insulation damage occurred discharge, etc., will cause abnormal sound. In addition, the inner corona formed by the uneven brushing of the semiconductor paint and the loosening of the iron clamping screw will also make the current transformer produce larger sound.
4、为什么 110kV 及以上电压互感器的一次侧不装设熔断器？
4. Why is there no fuse installed on the primary side of 110kV and above?
答案：因为 110kV 及以上电压互感器的结构采用单相串级式， 绝缘强度大， 还因为 110kV 系统为中性点直接接地系统，电压互感器的各相不可能长期承受线电压运行，所以在一 次侧不装设熔断器。
Answer: Because the structure of 110 kV and above voltage transformer adopts single-phase cascade type, the insulation strength is high, and because 110 kV system is neutral point direct grounding system, each phase of the voltage transformer can not withstand long-term line voltage operation, so no fuse is installed on the primary side.
5、电压互感器一次侧熔丝熔断后，为什么不允许用普通熔丝代替？
5. Why is it not allowed to replace ordinary fuse with the first side fuse of voltage transformer?
答案： 10kV 电压互感器为例， 以 一次侧熔断 器熔丝的额定电流是 0.5A。采用石英砂填充 的熔断器具有较好的灭弧性能和较大的断流 容量，同时具有限制短路电流的作用。而普 通熔丝则不能满足断流容量要求。
Answer: 10kV voltage transformer, for example, the rated current of fuse with primary side fuse is 0.5A. The fuse filled with quartz sand has better arc extinguishing performance and larger current cut-off capacity, and has the function of limiting short-circuit current. However, ordinary fuse can not meet the requirement of cut-off capacity.
6、什么故障会使35kV 及以下电压互感器的一、 二次侧熔断器熔断？
6. What faults will cause the one or two side fuses of 35kV and the following voltage transformers to fuse?
答案：电压互感器的内部故障， (包括相间短 路、绕组绝缘破坏)以及电压互感器出口与电网连接导线的短路故障、谐振过电压，都会使一次侧熔断器熔断。二次回路的短路故障会使电压互感器二次侧熔断器熔断。
Answer: Internal faults of the voltage transformer (including inter-phase short circuit, winding insulation damage), short-circuit faults of the outlet of the voltage transformer and the connecting wire between the power grid, resonance overvoltage, will cause the primary fuse to fuse. The short circuit fault of the two circuit will cause the fuse on the two side of the voltage transformer to fuse.
7、停用电压互感器时应注意哪些问题？
7, what problems should we pay attention to when we stop using the voltage transformer?
答案： (1)不使保护自动装置失去电压。 (2)必须进行电压切换。 (3)防止反充电，取下二次铅丝(包括电容 器) 。 (4)二次负荷全部断开后，断开互感器一次侧电源
Answer: (1) do not protect the automatic device from losing voltage. (2) voltage switching must be carried out. (3) prevent reverse charging and remove two lead wires (including capacitors). (4) after the two load is completely disconnected, the primary side power source of the transformer is disconnected.
8、电压互感器二次短路有什么现象及危害？为什么？
8, what are the phenomena and hazards of the two short circuit of voltage transformer? Why?
答案：电压互感器二次短路会使二次线圈产 生很大短路电流，烧损电压互感器绕组，以 至会引起一、二次击穿，使有关保护误动作， 仪表无指示。 因为电压互感器本身阻抗很小， 一次侧是恒压电源，如果二次短路后，在恒 压电源作用下二次绕组中会产生很大短路电流，烧损互感器，使绝缘损害，一、二次击 穿。失掉电压互感器会使有关距离保护和与 电压有关的保护误动作，仪表无指示，影响系统安全，所以电压互感器二次不能短路。
Answer: Voltage transformer secondary short circuit will cause the secondary coil to produce a large short circuit current, burning the voltage transformer winding, and even cause one or two breakdown, so that the protection misoperation, the instrument has no instructions. Because the voltage transformer itself impedance is very small, the primary side is a constant voltage power supply, if the second short circuit, under the action of constant voltage power supply, the secondary winding will produce a large short-circuit current, burning the transformer, so that insulation damage, first and second breakdown. Loss of the voltage transformer will cause the distance protection and voltage-related protection maloperation, instrumentation without instructions, affecting the safety of the system, so the voltage transformer can not be short-circuit secondary.
9、电压互感器故障对继电保护有什么影响？
9. What is the effect of voltage transformer faults on relay protection?
答案：电压互感器二次回路经常发生的故障包括：熔断器熔断，隔离开关辅助接点接触不良，二次接线松动等。故障的结果是使继电保护装置的电压降低或消夫，对于反映电压降低的保护继电器和反映电压、电流相位关系的保护装置，比如方向保护、阻抗继电器等可能会造成误动和拒动。
Answer: Voltage transformer secondary circuit fault often occurs include: fuse fuse, disconnector auxiliary contact bad, secondary wiring loosening and so on. The result of the fault is that the voltage of the relay protection device is reduced or eliminated. For the protection relay reflecting the voltage reduction, the protection relay reflecting the relationship between voltage and current phase, such as directional protection, impedance relay, etc., may cause maloperation and rejection.
10、电压回路断线或电压互感器故障时，应停哪些保护？
10, what protection should be stopped when voltage circuit breakers or voltage transformers fail?
答案：应停保护： 方向元件控制的电流、电压保护；低电压或复合电压闭锁过流保护； 电流平衡保护；距离保护；横差方向保护；反应电压降低而跳闸的保护； 低周波保护。因为上述保护都与电压变化有关，为了防止电压回路断线或电压互感器故障应立即脱离与电压有关的保护。
Answer: Should stop protection: directional component control current, voltage protection; low voltage or compound voltage lockout overcurrent protection; current balance protection; distance protection; transverse direction protection; reaction voltage reduction and tripping protection; low cycle protection. Because the above-mentioned protection is related to voltage changes, in order to prevent voltage circuit breakage or voltage transformer fault should be immediately disconnected from the voltage-related protection.
1, what is the purpose of the current transformer?
答案：电流互感器把大电流按一定比例变为小电流， 提供各种仪表和继电保护用的电流， 并将二次系统与高电压隔离。它不仅保证了人身和设备的安全，也使仪表和继电器的制 造简单化、标准化，提高了经济效益。
Answer: Current transformer converts large current into small current in a certain proportion, provides current for various instruments and relay protection, and isolates secondary system from high voltage. It not only ensures the safety of human body and equipment, but also simplifies and standardizes the manufacture of instruments and relays, and improves economic benefits.
2、为什么不允许电流互感器长时间过负荷运行？
2, why not allow the current transformer to operate over a long time?
答案：电流互感器长时间过负荷运行，会使 误差增大，表计指示不正确。另外，由于一、二次电流增大，会使铁芯和绕组过热，绝缘老化快，甚至损坏电流互感器。
Answer: if the current transformer operates over a long time, the error will increase and the meter indicator is incorrect. In addition, with the increase of primary and secondary current, the iron core and winding will be overheated, the insulation will aging quickly, and even damage the current transformer.
3、什么原因会使运行中的电流互感器发生不正常音响？
3, what causes the abnormal sound in the running current transformer?
答案：电流互感器过负荷，二次侧开路以及内部绝缘损坏发生放电等，均会造成异常音响。此外，由于半导体漆涂刷得不均匀形成 的内部电晕以及夹铁螺丝松动等也会使电流 互感器产生较大音响。
Answer: Current transformer overload, secondary open circuit and internal insulation damage occurred discharge, etc., will cause abnormal sound. In addition, the inner corona formed by the uneven brushing of the semiconductor paint and the loosening of the iron clamping screw will also make the current transformer produce larger sound.
4、为什么 110kV 及以上电压互感器的一次侧不装设熔断器？
4. Why is there no fuse installed on the primary side of 110kV and above?
答案：因为 110kV 及以上电压互感器的结构采用单相串级式， 绝缘强度大， 还因为 110kV 系统为中性点直接接地系统，电压互感器的各相不可能长期承受线电压运行，所以在一 次侧不装设熔断器。
Answer: Because the structure of 110 kV and above voltage transformer adopts single-phase cascade type, the insulation strength is high, and because 110 kV system is neutral point direct grounding system, each phase of the voltage transformer can not withstand long-term line voltage operation, so no fuse is installed on the primary side.
5、电压互感器一次侧熔丝熔断后，为什么不允许用普通熔丝代替？
5. Why is it not allowed to replace ordinary fuse with the first side fuse of voltage transformer?
答案： 10kV 电压互感器为例， 以 一次侧熔断 器熔丝的额定电流是 0.5A。采用石英砂填充 的熔断器具有较好的灭弧性能和较大的断流 容量，同时具有限制短路电流的作用。而普 通熔丝则不能满足断流容量要求。
Answer: 10kV voltage transformer, for example, the rated current of fuse with primary side fuse is 0.5A. The fuse filled with quartz sand has better arc extinguishing performance and larger current cut-off capacity, and has the function of limiting short-circuit current. However, ordinary fuse can not meet the requirement of cut-off capacity.
6、什么故障会使35kV 及以下电压互感器的一、 二次侧熔断器熔断？
6. What faults will cause the one or two side fuses of 35kV and the following voltage transformers to fuse?
答案：电压互感器的内部故障， (包括相间短 路、绕组绝缘破坏)以及电压互感器出口与电网连接导线的短路故障、谐振过电压，都会使一次侧熔断器熔断。二次回路的短路故障会使电压互感器二次侧熔断器熔断。
Answer: Internal faults of the voltage transformer (including inter-phase short circuit, winding insulation damage), short-circuit faults of the outlet of the voltage transformer and the connecting wire between the power grid, resonance overvoltage, will cause the primary fuse to fuse. The short circuit fault of the two circuit will cause the fuse on the two side of the voltage transformer to fuse.
7、停用电压互感器时应注意哪些问题？
7, what problems should we pay attention to when we stop using the voltage transformer?
答案： (1)不使保护自动装置失去电压。 (2)必须进行电压切换。 (3)防止反充电，取下二次铅丝(包括电容 器) 。 (4)二次负荷全部断开后，断开互感器一次侧电源
Answer: (1) do not protect the automatic device from losing voltage. (2) voltage switching must be carried out. (3) prevent reverse charging and remove two lead wires (including capacitors). (4) after the two load is completely disconnected, the primary side power source of the transformer is disconnected.
8、电压互感器二次短路有什么现象及危害？为什么？
8, what are the phenomena and hazards of the two short circuit of voltage transformer? Why?
答案：电压互感器二次短路会使二次线圈产 生很大短路电流，烧损电压互感器绕组，以 至会引起一、二次击穿，使有关保护误动作， 仪表无指示。 因为电压互感器本身阻抗很小， 一次侧是恒压电源，如果二次短路后，在恒 压电源作用下二次绕组中会产生很大短路电流，烧损互感器，使绝缘损害，一、二次击 穿。失掉电压互感器会使有关距离保护和与 电压有关的保护误动作，仪表无指示，影响系统安全，所以电压互感器二次不能短路。
Answer: Voltage transformer secondary short circuit will cause the secondary coil to produce a large short circuit current, burning the voltage transformer winding, and even cause one or two breakdown, so that the protection misoperation, the instrument has no instructions. Because the voltage transformer itself impedance is very small, the primary side is a constant voltage power supply, if the second short circuit, under the action of constant voltage power supply, the secondary winding will produce a large short-circuit current, burning the transformer, so that insulation damage, first and second breakdown. Loss of the voltage transformer will cause the distance protection and voltage-related protection maloperation, instrumentation without instructions, affecting the safety of the system, so the voltage transformer can not be short-circuit secondary.
9、电压互感器故障对继电保护有什么影响？
9. What is the effect of voltage transformer faults on relay protection?
答案：电压互感器二次回路经常发生的故障包括：熔断器熔断，隔离开关辅助接点接触不良，二次接线松动等。故障的结果是使继电保护装置的电压降低或消夫，对于反映电压降低的保护继电器和反映电压、电流相位关系的保护装置，比如方向保护、阻抗继电器等可能会造成误动和拒动。
Answer: Voltage transformer secondary circuit fault often occurs include: fuse fuse, disconnector auxiliary contact bad, secondary wiring loosening and so on. The result of the fault is that the voltage of the relay protection device is reduced or eliminated. For the protection relay reflecting the voltage reduction, the protection relay reflecting the relationship between voltage and current phase, such as directional protection, impedance relay, etc., may cause maloperation and rejection.
10、电压回路断线或电压互感器故障时，应停哪些保护？
10, what protection should be stopped when voltage circuit breakers or voltage transformers fail?
答案：应停保护： 方向元件控制的电流、电压保护；低电压或复合电压闭锁过流保护； 电流平衡保护；距离保护；横差方向保护；反应电压降低而跳闸的保护； 低周波保护。因为上述保护都与电压变化有关，为了防止电压回路断线或电压互感器故障应立即脱离与电压有关的保护。
Answer: Should stop protection: directional component control current, voltage protection; low voltage or compound voltage lockout overcurrent protection; current balance protection; distance protection; transverse direction protection; reaction voltage reduction and tripping protection; low cycle protection. Because the above-mentioned protection is related to voltage changes, in order to prevent voltage circuit breakage or voltage transformer fault should be immediately disconnected from the voltage-related protection.
