热效应
heat effect
导体通电时会发热，把这种现象叫做电流热效应。例如：比较熟悉的焦耳定律：是定量说明传导电流将电能转换为热能的定律。（焦耳定律）
Conductors heat when electrified. This phenomenon is called the current-heat effect. For example, the more familiar Joule's law is the law that quantitatively explains the transformation of electric energy into heat energy by conductive current. (Joule's law)
磁效应
Magnetic effect
电流的磁效应(动电会产生磁)：奥斯特发现：任何通有电流的导线，都可以在其周围产生磁场的现象，称为电流的磁效应。（毕奥-萨法尔定律）
Magnetism effect of current (electromotive force produces magnetism): Oster found that any wire with current can produce magnetic field around it, which is called magnetic effect of current. (Biot-Safar's Law)
化学效应
Chemical effect
电的化学效应主要是电流中的带电粒子（电子或离子）参与而使得物质发生了化学变化。化学中的电解水或电镀等都是电流的化学效应。（法拉第电解定律）
The chemical effects of electricity are mainly caused by the participation of charged particles (electrons tongdiaof.71ix.comtongdiaoy.71ix.com tongdiaog.71ix.comtongzhong.71ix.comrenwu.71ix.comtongdiaor.71ix.comor ions) in the current, which results in the chemical changes of substances. Electrolytic water or electroplating in chemistry are chemical effects of electric current. (Faraday's law of electrolysis)
密度
density
电流密度是一种度量，以矢量的形式定义，其方向是电流的方向，其大小是单位截面面积的电流。采用国际单位制，电流密度的单位是“安培/平方毫米”。用方程表达J=I/s
Current density is a measure defined as a vector whose direction is the direction of the current and its size is the current per unit cross-section area. In the international unit system, the unit of current density is "ampere/square millimeter". Expressing J=I/s by Equation
其中( I )是电流，( J )是电流密度，( s )是截面矢量。
Among them (I) is the current, (J) is the current density and (s) is the cross-section vector.